Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes the skin to become red, itchy, dry, and cracked. It often begins in childhood but can occur at any age. It is part of the "atopic triad," often occurring alongside asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever).
Causes of Atopic Dermatitis:
The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is multifactorial, involving genetics, immune system dysfunction, and environmental triggers. Common causes and risk factors include:
- Genetic predisposition (family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies)
- Defective skin barrier that allows moisture loss and allergen entry
- Immune system hypersensitivity
- Environmental allergens like dust mites, pet dander, or pollen
- Irritants such as soaps, detergents, and synthetic fabrics
- Stress and hormonal changes
Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis:
Symptoms may vary with age and severity but typically include:
- Dry, sensitive skin
- Intense itching, especially at night
- Red, inflamed patches
- Thickened or leathery skin due to chronic scratching
- Small, raised bumps that may leak fluid and crust over
- Affected areas commonly include the face, neck, hands, inner elbows, and behind the knees.
Treatment Options:
There is no permanent cure, but Dr. Preeti K Sheth offers comprehensive, personalized treatments to manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups:
- Topical treatments: Moisturizers, corticosteroid creams, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ointments to reduce inflammation and itching.
- Oral medications: Antihistamines to control itching; in severe cases, immunosuppressants may be prescribed.
- Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to ultraviolet light to reduce symptoms in chronic cases.
- Biologic injections: For moderate to severe eczema not responding to conventional treatment.
- Lifestyle & Skincare counseling: Guidance on gentle skincare routines, allergen avoidance, and stress management.
Prevention & Management Tips:
While it cannot always be prevented, atopic dermatitis flare-ups can be minimized with:
- Daily moisturizing to strengthen the skin barrier
- Using fragrance-free and gentle skincare products
- Wearing soft, breathable fabrics (like cotton)
- Avoiding known irritants and allergens
- Managing stress through relaxation techniques
- Keeping fingernails short to avoid damage from scratching
Prevention & Flare-up Management:
While psoriasis cannot always be prevented, flare-ups can be reduced or managed by:
- Avoiding known triggers (stress, smoking, certain foods, and infections)
- Keeping the skin well-moisturized
- Following prescribed treatments consistently
- Eating a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet
- Staying active and managing stress levels
- Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist