Lichen Planus
Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and sometimes the scalp. It appears as purplish, flat-topped, itchy bumps on the skin, and may cause discomfort or pain when it affects the mouth or genitals. It is not contagious, but it can be persistent and distressing if left untreated.
Causes of Lichen Planus:
The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune condition, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the skin or mucous membranes. Common contributing factors include:
- Autoimmune response
- Genetic predisposition
- Viral infections (like hepatitis C)
- Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs, antihypertensives, antimalarials)
- Allergic reactions to dental materials or other irritants
- Stress and anxiety
Symptoms of Lichen Planus:
The symptoms can vary depending on the area affected, but commonly include:
- Itchy, flat, purplish bumps with white streaks (Wickham striae) on the skin
- Painful white patches or ulcers inside the mouth or on the tongue
- Burning sensation or sensitivity when eating spicy or acidic foods
- Nail thinning, ridging, or loss
- Hair loss or scalp irritation (when affecting the scalp)
- Genital discomfort, redness, or sores in mucosal areas
Treatment Options:
Treatment for lichen planus focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation, and managing flare-ups. Dr. Preeti K Sheth offers a range of evidence-based treatment options tailored to each patient:
- Topical Corticosteroids: First-line treatment to reduce itching and inflammation
- Oral Corticosteroids or Immunosuppressants: For severe or widespread cases
- Antihistamines: To relieve itching and improve comfort
- Mouth Rinses or Gels: For oral lichen planus to reduce discomfort and promote healing
- Phototherapy (PUVA/UVB): Effective for extensive skin involvement
- Retinoids: Topical or oral options used in specific cases
- Stress Management & Supportive Care: As emotional stress can worsen the condition
Prevention & Management Tips:
Although lichen planus cannot always be prevented, certain practices can help control symptoms and reduce flare-ups:
- Avoid triggers such as stress, spicy foods, or certain medications
- Maintain good oral hygiene if oral lesions are present
- Use mild, non-irritating skincare products
- Avoid tobacco and alcohol
- Manage underlying health issues and follow prescribed treatment plans
- Regular check-ups to monitor progress and prevent complications