Sexually transmitted diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can affect both men and women, often without immediate visible symptoms.
Causes of STDs:
STDs are caused by various infectious agents:
- Bacteria: e.g., Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis
- Viruses: e.g., HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B
- Parasites: e.g., Trichomoniasis
STDs can be transmitted through:
- Unprotected sexual contact
- Sharing needles or syringes
- From mother to baby during childbirth
- Blood transfusions (though rare with modern screening)
- Skin-to-skin contact in some cases (e.g., herpes, HPV)
Symptoms of STDs:
Many STDs may show no symptoms in early stages, but when they do occur, they may include:
- Unusual vaginal or penile discharge
- Pain or burning sensation during urination
- Genital sores, blisters, or warts
- Itching or irritation in the genital area
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower abdominal pain
- Swollen lymph nodes or fever (in some viral infections)
Treatment of STDs:
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and transmission. Dr. Preeti K Sheth provides confidential, judgment-free diagnosis and management, including:
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
- Antiviral medications for viral infections like herpes and HIV to manage outbreaks and reduce transmission
- Antiparasitic treatments for trichomoniasis and similar infections
- Counseling and partner notification support for safer management
Prevention of STDs:
Preventive care is essential to reduce the spread and impact of STDs. Recommendations include:
- Practicing safe sex using condoms and dental dams
- Regular STD screenings, especially if sexually active with multiple partners
- Being in a mutually monogamous relationship
- Vaccinations for HPV and Hepatitis B
- Avoiding sharing of needles or personal items
- Open communication with partners about sexual health