Genetic disorders
Pigmentary disorders are conditions that affect the color of the skin, either causing hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) or hypopigmentation (lightening or loss of skin color). These disorders occur due to abnormalities in melanin production, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. While not typically harmful, pigmentary disorders can significantly affect a person's appearance and self-confidence.
Causes of Pigmentary Disorders:
Several factors can lead to pigmentation issues, including:
- Sun exposure: Overproduction of melanin due to UV radiation
- Hormonal changes: Common in pregnancy or due to contraceptive use (e.g., melasma)
- Inflammation or injury: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from acne, eczema, or trauma
- Genetics: Inherited conditions like albinism
- Skin infections or diseases: Fungal infections, vitiligo, or autoimmune conditions
- Medications or chemicals: Certain drugs and cosmetic products can trigger pigmentation changes
Symptoms of Pigmentary Disorders:
Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include:
- Dark patches or spots (commonly on the face, hands, or neck)
- White or lighter patches on the skin
- Uneven skin tone or discoloration
- Freckles, melasma, or age spots
- Pigment loss in specific areas (as in vitiligo)
Common Pigmentary Conditions Treated:
- Melasma
- Freckles and Lentigines
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH)
- Vitiligo
- Albinism
- Nevus (birthmarks)
Treatment Options:
At Dr. Preeti K Sheth’s clinic, treatment is tailored based on the type, extent, and cause of the pigmentation. Options include:
- Topical Treatments: Skin-lightening agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and retinoids
- Chemical Peels: Exfoliate the skin to reduce pigmentation and improve tone
- Laser Therapy: Advanced laser treatments target pigmented cells for precise correction
- Microdermabrasion: Removes the outer pigmented layer of skin, encouraging new cell growth
- Phototherapy: Used in specific conditions like vitiligo for repigmentation
- Oral Medications or Supplements: For hormonal and systemic causes when needed
Prevention & Maintenance:
Though some pigmentary disorders are not preventable, many can be controlled or minimized with the right precautions:
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to prevent sun-induced pigmentation
- Avoid harsh skin products and scrubbing
- Treat underlying skin conditions early to prevent post-inflammatory pigmentation
- Maintain a healthy diet and hydration
- Follow skincare advice from a qualified dermatologist