Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition in which the skin loses its pigment (melanin), leading to white patches or spots on various parts of the body. It occurs when the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) are destroyed or stop functioning. Although it is not life-threatening or contagious, it can impact self-esteem and emotional well-being.
Causes of Vitiligo:
The exact cause of vitiligo is still being studied, but it is primarily believed to be an autoimmune condition. Several factors that may contribute include:
- Autoimmune reactions: The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy melanocytes.
- Genetic factors: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune disorders.
- Oxidative stress: Imbalance in free radicals affecting skin cells.
- Environmental triggers: Skin injury (Koebner phenomenon), sunburn, or exposure to certain chemicals.
- Neurogenic factors: Nerve endings releasing harmful substances to melanocytes.
Symptoms of Vitiligo:
- White or light-colored patches on the skin, especially on hands, face, feet, and around body openings
- Premature whitening or graying of scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard
- Loss of pigment inside the mouth, nose, or on the retina
- Symmetrical or segmental patch patterns depending on the type
- No physical discomfort, but it may cause psychological distress
Types of Vitiligo:
- Generalized Vitiligo: The most common form, with widespread patches.
- Segmental Vitiligo: Affects one side or part of the body; tends to start at a younger age.
- Localized (Focal) Vitiligo: Limited to a few areas.
- Mucosal Vitiligo: Affects mucous membranes.
- Universal Vitiligo: Very rare; most of the skin loses pigment.
Treatment Options:
Although there is no permanent cure for vitiligo, several treatment methods are available to restore skin tone and control pigment loss. At Dr. Preeti K Sheth’s clinic, treatment is tailored to the individual’s condition and skin type:
- Topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators – to slow pigment loss and stimulate repigmentation
- Phototherapy (Narrowband UVB or PUVA therapy) – effective in many cases to stimulate melanocyte activity
- Depigmentation therapy – for extensive cases where restoring pigmentation isn’t possible
- Micropigmentation or Tattooing – cosmetic solutions for small areas
- Skin grafting and surgical options – for stable and localized vitiligo
- Counseling and psychological support – to address self-esteem and mental health
Prevention & Lifestyle Care:
Vitiligo cannot always be prevented, but managing triggers and protecting the skin can help reduce progression:
- Use sunscreen to protect depigmented areas from sunburn and tanning contrast
- Avoid skin trauma, chemical exposure, and stress
- Maintain a healthy immune system through balanced diet and lifestyle
- Regular dermatological consultations for monitoring and guidance